Boltzmann Brain: Are We Just Floating Minds in Space?
Boltzmann brain, what is it? The universe, as we know it, is moving steadily toward a state of increasing entropy. According to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy—the measure of disorder in a system—tends to increase over time. Eventually, the universe will approach what physicists call “heat death“: a state of maximum entropy. It will […]
Quantum Entanglement: Spooky Action at a Distance
What is quantum entanglement and why are we naming it “spooky action at a distance”? Imagine two people, each sitting inside separate libraries on opposite sides of the planet. They have no way of communicating—no phones, no internet, no signals. Each is asked to randomly select ten books from the library shelves and arrange them […]
Does Free Will Exist, or Is It Just an Illusion?
The concept of free will—the belief that we are the conscious authors of our actions—has been a cornerstone of human identity for centuries. It influences how we think about morality, responsibility, and even the justice system. But in recent decades, science has begun to challenge this deeply held belief. Is free will a genuine phenomenon, […]
Are We More Than Just Our Brain? Dualism Vs Materialism
Dualism argues that consciousness is distinct from the physical brain, while materialism holds that consciousness arises entirely from brain processes. René Descartes, a proponent of substance dualism, believed that the mind and body are fundamentally different substances. We are more than just our brain. In contrast, materialists argue that when the brain ceases to function, […]
Dark Matter Vs Dark Energy: The Battle Shaping the Universe
Introduction The universe is shaped by forces both seen and unseen. While gravity sculpts galaxies and cosmic structures, two mysterious entities—dark matter and dark energy—silently wage a cosmic battle. Dark matter, an invisible mass, binds galaxies together, preventing them from flying apart. Meanwhile, dark energy, an enigmatic force, pushes the universe to expand at an […]
Neutrinos: the Ghost Particles Of The Cosmos
Neutrinos are among the most mysterious particles in the universe. They barely interact with matter, yet trillions of them pass through our bodies every second without us noticing. Because they are electrically neutral, neutrinos do not interact with the electromagnetic force and only interact via the weak nuclear force and gravity. Their elusive nature has […]
What Was There Before the Big Bang? The Nature of Time
Introduction The question of what was there before the Big Bang is one of the most profound mysteries in cosmology. The standard classical Big Bang theory suggests that there was nothing before the Big Bang. Our universe began from a singularity with infinite density. However, alternative theories propose that the Big Bang was not the […]
False Memories: Does Memory Shape Reality?
Introduction Our memories play a fundamental role in shaping our perception of reality. But what if the memories we trust are not as reliable as we think? The phenomenon of false memories challenges our understanding of reality and suggests that what we remember may not always align with actual events. One of the most famous […]
Are Humans Inherently Evil? Nature vs. Nurture
Philosophers have debated the question of whether humans are inherently evil for centuries, with many contradicting viewpoints. Philosophically, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that humans are naturally good but corrupted by society. Whereas Thomas Hobbes believed that without societal structures, life would be “nasty, brutish, and short,”. It implies that humans are fundamentally selfish. This debate explores […]
Retrocausality and General Relativity: Can We Change Our Past?
The idea of traveling back in time to meet a younger version of yourself is fascinating. However, what happens if we attempt to change the past to achieve a different future? Does a self-consistent universe allow such alterations, or does it inevitably lead to paradoxes? If we are able to change the past, does that […]